最近买了个腾讯云服务器,搭建环境。
该笔记用于系统上未装过mysql的干净系统第一次安装mysql。自己指定安装目录,指定数据文件目录。
linux系统版本: CentOS 7.3 64位
安装源文件版本:mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql安装位置:/software/mysql
数据库文件数据位置:/data/mysql
注:未防止混淆,这里都用绝对路径执行命令
除了文件内容中的#,这里所有带#都是linux命令
>mysql 是mysql的命令
步骤:
1、在根目录下创建文件夹software和数据库数据文件/data/mysql
#mkdir /software/
#mkdir /data/mysql
2、上传mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz文件到/software下
#cd /software/
#tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3、更改解压缩后的文件夹名称
#mv /software/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /software/mysql
4、创建mysql用户组和mysql用户
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql mysql
5、关联myql用户到mysql用户组中
#chown -R mysql:mysql /software/mysql/
#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
#chown -R mysql /software/mysql/
#chown -R mysql /data/mysql
6、更改mysql安装文件夹mysql/的权限
#chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/
7、安装libaio依赖包,由于我买的腾讯云服务器centos系统自带的有这个依赖包所以不需要安装,不过自带的依赖包会报错,后面介绍解决办法
查询是否暗转libaio依赖包
#yum search libaio
如果没安装,可以用下面命令安装
#yum install libaio
8、初始化mysql命令
#cd /software/mysql/bin
#./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize
在执行上面命令时特别要注意一行内容
[Note] A
temporary
password
is
generated
for
root@localhost: o*s#gqh)F4Ck
root@localhost: 后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码,各人安装生成的临时密码不一样
如果初始化时报错如下:
error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec
是因为libnuma安装的是32位,我们这里需要64位的,执行下面语句就可以解决
#yum install numactl.x86_64
执行完后重新初始化mysql命令
9、启动mysql服务
# sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
上面启动mysql服务命令是会报错的,因为没有修改mysql的配置文件,报错内容大致如下:
./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command
not
found
./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/
local
/mysql:
No
such file
or
directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/
local
/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
if test -z "$basedir"
thenbasedir=/usr/local/mysqlbindir=/usr/local/mysql/binif test -z "$datadir"thendatadir=/usr/local/mysql/datafisbindir=/usr/local/mysql/binlibexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/binelsebindir="$basedir/bin"if test -z "$datadir"thendatadir="$basedir/data"fisbindir="$basedir/sbin"libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"fi修改后
if test -z "$basedir"
thenbasedir=/software/mysqlbindir=/software/mysql/binif test -z "$datadir"thendatadir=/data/mysqlfisbindir=/software/mysql/binlibexecdir=/software/mysql/binelsebindir="$basedir/bin"if test -z "$datadir"thendatadir="$basedir/data"fisbindir="$basedir/sbin"libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"fi保存退出
11、修改my.cnf文件
#vi /etc/my.cnf
将下面内容复制替换当前的my.cnf文件中的内容
[client]
no-beepsocket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock# pipe# socket=0.0port=3306[mysql]default-character-set=utf8[mysqld]basedir=/software/mysqldatadir=/data/mysqlport=3306pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid#skip-grant-tablesskip-name-resolvesocket = /software/mysql/mysql.sockcharacter-set-server=utf8default-storage-engine=INNODBexplicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true# Server Id.server-id=1max_connections=2000query_cache_size=0table_open_cache=2000tmp_table_size=246Mthread_cache_size=300#限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用thread_stack = 192kkey_buffer_size=512Mread_buffer_size=4Mread_rnd_buffer_size=32Minnodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysqlinnodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0innodb_log_buffer_size=16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size=256Minnodb_log_file_size=128Minnodb_thread_concurrency=128innodb_autoextend_increment=1000innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000innodb_old_blocks_time=1000innodb_open_files=300innodb_stats_on_metadata=0innodb_file_per_table=1innodb_checksum_algorithm=0back_log=80flush_time=0join_buffer_size=128Mmax_allowed_packet=1024Mmax_connect_errors=2000open_files_limit=4161query_cache_type=0sort_buffer_size=32Mtable_definition_cache=1400binlog_row_event_max_size=8Ksync_master_info=10000sync_relay_log=10000sync_relay_log_info=10000#批量插入数据缓存大小,可以有效提高插入效率,默认为8Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Minteractive_timeout = 120wait_timeout = 120log-bin-trust-function-creators=1sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#
# include all files from the config directory#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d保存退出
12、启动mysql
#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
新版本的安装包会报错,错误内容如下:
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/SZY.err'.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlddoes not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installationdirectory and restart this script from there as follows:./bin/mysqld_safe&See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more informationERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。
解决办法:
方法1、建立软连接
例 #cd /usr/local/mysql
#ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd mysqld
方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件(有强迫症的同学建议这种,我用的这种)
# vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql
保存退出。(可以将这个文件拷出来再修改然后替换)
13、登录mysql
#/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p
14、输入临时密码。临时密码就是第8条root@localhost:后面的内容
15、修改mysql的登录密码
>mysql set password=password('root');
>mysql grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root';
>mysql flush privileges;
16、完成,此时mysql的登录名root 登录密码root